Python

Guido van Rossum began developing Python in the late 1980s at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands, releasing version 1.0 in 1994. The language was designed around readability — significant indentation, minimal syntax noise, and a “one obvious way to do it” philosophy. Today Python is one of the most widely used programming languages, dominant in data science, machine learning, web development, scripting, and scientific computing.

The standard library covers networking, file I/O, JSON, regular expressions, testing, and more. The package ecosystem is equally broad: PyPI hosts over 500,000 packages. CPython, the reference implementation, has gained significant performance improvements through a specializing adaptive interpreter and an experimental JIT compiler introduced in Python 3.13. The current stable release is Python 3.14.

The official tutorial is a solid starting point. The Python Developer’s Guide documents the language’s development process and release cycle, with new major versions arriving annually every October.