JavaScript

JavaScript is the programming language of the web. Created by Brendan Eich at Netscape in 1995, it became the only language natively supported by web browsers. The ECMAScript specification, maintained by TC39, evolves through annual releases, introducing features like async/await, modules, optional chaining, and pattern matching through a rigorous proposal process.

With Node.js (2009), JavaScript expanded to server-side development, enabling complete applications to be built in a single language. Today JavaScript powers frontend interfaces, backend services, mobile apps, desktop applications, and serverless functions. Its dynamic typing and first-class functions provide flexibility, while TypeScript adds optional static typing for larger codebases.